Part of the Cultural Complex of the Republic, the National Museum of the Republic, conceived by Lúcio Costa in 1957, was designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer. Construction began in 1999, and the building was inaugurated in 2006.
The structure, a synthesis of modernist architecture, presents a monumental character, featuring a hemispherical form and a prominent access ramp. The space aims to promote and disseminate contemporary visual culture.